Kwanan nan, wasu masu zuba jari na kamfanonin gwamnati mallakar tsakiya sun ba da rahoton cewa yayin da wasu larduna suka fara karɓar haraji biyu kan filayen lantarki bisa ga cikakken yankin, ƙungiyar ta buƙaci a ƙididdige duk ayyukan bisa ga cikakken yankin harajin biyu lokacin da aka zartar da bitar. "Idan aka haɗa da haɗarin farashin wutar lantarki a ƙarƙashin Takardar Lamba 136, kusan babu wani aikin lantarki da zai iya wuce bitar."
Don mayar da martani ga wannan, masana'antar wutar lantarki ta yi nazari kan yanayin amfani da filaye na ayyukan wutar lantarki a wasu larduna. Wani kamfani mallakar gwamnati na tsakiya ya bayyana kai tsaye cewa aikin wutar lantarki nata da ke wani lardi a arewa maso yamma ya riga ya kasance ƙarƙashin haraji biyu kan filayen wutar lantarki bisa ga cikakken yankin tun bara, kuma ayyukan da aka kammala da yawa da aka riga aka "wargaza". A halin yanzu, kamfanin mallakar gwamnati na tsakiya ya kuma yi lissafi bisa ga ƙasa da haraji biyu da aka ɗora wa dukkan yankin wutar lantarki. Sakamakon haka, ayyukan da za a gina ba su da yuwuwar ci gaba da gini.
Dangane da raguwar farashin wutar lantarki da ake sa ran samu kamar yadda aka tanada a cikin Takardar Mai Lamba 136 don haɓaka shigar da sabbin makamashi cikin kasuwa, harajin da ake biya kan filayen wutar lantarki guda biyu waɗanda aka maimaita shekaru da yawa sun sake haifar da wani babban koma-baya ga jarin da ke cikin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin lantarki da ya riga ya fara raguwa.
Cikakken harajin yanki yana sa ya yi wuya a ƙididdige farashin ayyukan wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da hasken rana
Kwanan nan, wani mai zuba jari daga Xinjiang ya shaida wa Photovoltaic cewa a bara, ayyukan photovoltaic a Xinjiang sun fara fuskantar harajin mallakar filaye bisa ga dukkan yankin. Farashin wutar lantarki da ya riga ya ragu da kuma yawan wutar lantarki da ake samu a ayyukan photovoltaic, tare da farashin harajin filaye, sun haifar da karuwar gaske. "Rage kudin dawowar aikin ba shi da riba kwata-kwata."
A shekarar 2023, an shirya sanya harajin kan dukkan yankin a ma'aunin yuan 3 a kowace murabba'in mita. Duk da haka, bayan zagaye da dama na ra'ayoyi da tattaunawa tsakanin masu zuba jari da dama, an kafa ma'aunin harajin ƙarshe a yuan 0.6 a kowace murabba'in mita. Duk da haka, idan aka ƙididdige shi a ma'aunin mu 250 a kowace 10MW, har yanzu yana nufin ƙarin kuɗin yuan 10,000 a kowace MW a kowace shekara. "Idan aka duba zagayowar samar da wutar lantarki ta shekaru 20, yana nufin ƙaruwar kuɗin yuan 0.2 a kowace watt," in ji mai zuba jari. "Ayyukan da ake yi a Xinjiang suna gab da asara. Tare da tasirin Takardar Lamba 136, ayyukan da suka biyo baya ba za su yiwu ba kwata-kwata a aiwatar da su. Sauran masu zuba jari sun riga sun dawo da ma'aunin hasken rana da yawa."
Wani ma'aikacin wani kamfanin wutar lantarki mallakar gwamnati da ke da hedikwata a wani lardi a Arewa maso Yammacin China shi ma ya ce an sanya harajin mallakar filaye na aikin wutar lantarki na photovoltaic a duk yankin tun bara, tare da irin wannan ma'aunin tattarawa na yuan 0.6 a kowace murabba'in mita. Harajin mallakar filayen noma ana kuma sanya shi a kan dukkan yankin, tare da ma'aunin da ya kai yuan 8 a kowace murabba'in mita. "Ka'idojin tattarawa kafin da kuma bayan kammala aikin suna canzawa akai-akai, suna jawo hankalin kamfanonin photovoltaic don 'kashe' su," in ji ma'aikacin kamfanin mallakar gwamnati na tsakiya.
"A halin yanzu, farashin filayen da ayyukan wutar lantarki ke fuskanta a zahiri yana da matuƙar tsada. Ko da ga ayyukan da ke cikin sansanonin ƙasa masu yashi da kuma wuraren da babu hayaki, farashin filayen ya kai yuan 2,800 a kowace mu. Misali, kuɗin mallakar filayen yana kimanin yuan 1,800 a kowace mu, kuɗin gyaran ciyayi a filayen gini shine kimanin yuan 2,300 a kowace mu, da kuma inshorar fansho ga makiyaya, da sauransu." Ma'aikacin kamfanin mallakar gwamnati ya ƙara da cewa, "Tare da ƙarin harajin amfani da filayen birane da harajin mallakar filayen noma da ake biya a duk yankin, bayan Takarda Mai Lamba 136 ta haɓaka shigar da wutar lantarki ta lantarki cikin kasuwa, da zarar ta shiga kasuwar, harajin ƙasa da kuɗaɗen za su iya durƙushe jarin tashoshin wutar lantarki gaba ɗaya."
Wani mai haɓaka daga wani kamfani mallakar jihar tsakiya a wani lardi na tsakiya da gabas shi ma ya ce an yi kira ga aikinsu da su biya haraji biyu kan filayen lantarki masu amfani da wutar lantarki, amma babu wata alama a fili ta yadda za a biya, lokacin da za a biya, ko kuma yadda za a ayyana yankin, don haka har yanzu suna iya kasancewa cikin bashi. Idan aka fara biyan cikakken haraji, "ba za a iya gano adadin ribar aikin ba."
Da yake fuskantar haɗarin farashin wutar lantarki mara tabbas da kuma tattara harajin ƙasa na cikakken yanki kamar yadda aka tanada a cikin Takarda Mai Lamba 136, masu haɓaka daga kamfanoni da dama na tsakiya sun bayyana cewa lissafin harajin ƙasa don ayyukan photovoltaic da aka amince da su yanzu duk suna buƙatar tattara cikakken yanki. Yawancin kamfanonin tsakiya sun zama masu ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin jarin su a ayyukan photovoltaic, kuma kaɗan daga cikinsu ba a amince da su ba kwanan nan.
Mai zuba jarin da aka ambata a baya ya bayyana damuwa, yana mai cewa, "Yayin da larduna da yawa ke ƙara himma wajen tattara haraji biyu a kan filaye a hankali, yadda ake tattara su zai zama wani muhimmin abu da ke ƙayyade 'layin tsira' na ayyuka bayan Takardar Mai Lamba 136. Da haɗarin da ke gabatowa, zaɓi ɗaya tilo shine a ƙididdige tattarawa sosai bisa ga dukkan yankin."
Karin maganar "Zaɓi ƙasa maimakon babba" ya zama magana mara amfani
Batun haraji biyu kan filaye a masana'antar wutar lantarki ta hasken rana ya daɗe yana addabar masana'antar tsawon shekaru goma, tun daga "Tsarin Shekaru Biyar na 13" zuwa "Tsarin Shekaru Biyar na 14". Ko za a biya su, yadda za a biya su, da kuma ƙa'idodin tattarawa koyaushe suna ƙarƙashin ikon hukumomin yankin. Ka'idojin harajin ƙasa da aka yi alkawari a lokacin haɓaka aiki da waɗanda bayan kammala aikin sun bambanta sosai, wanda hakan kuma ya haifar da katsewar tsarin samun kuɗin shiga na ayyukan wutar lantarki ta hasken rana. Ayyuka da yawa sun faɗa cikin yanayi mai haifar da asara.
A shekarar 2023, Hukumar Makamashi ta Ƙasa ta fitar da "Fassarar Shari'a game da Tsarin Aiwatarwa don Inganta Ingantaccen Ci gaban Sabon Makamashi a Sabon Zamani", inda ta bayyana a sarari cewa ƙa'idodin tattara harajin amfani da filaye a larduna da birane daban-daban ba su bayyana ba, kuma abin da ke faruwa na haraji da yawa a wuri ɗaya yana faruwa akai-akai. Ikon zaɓe na gida yana da girma, kuma ayyuka da yawa har yanzu suna da hukumomin haraji na gida da wasu suna sanya ƙarin harajin ƙasa bayan an haɗa su da layin wutar lantarki ko kuma suna aiki tsawon shekaru da yawa.
Bugu da ƙari, ƙa'idodin tattarawa sun bambanta sosai, kuma biyan harajin ayyuka makamantan su a yankuna daban-daban ya bambanta sosai. Ga aikin samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin lantarki 10MW, biyan harajin shekara-shekara ya kama daga yuan miliyan 78,000 zuwa 2.04, wanda hakan ya ƙara nauyin haraji ga kamfanonin iska da hasken rana sosai. Idan aka ɗauki aikin samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin lantarki a wani yanki a Kudu maso Yammacin China a shekarar 2021 a matsayin misali, harajin ƙasa da kuɗin tashar samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfin lantarki 200MW kaɗai ya wuce yuan miliyan 150, kuma kuɗin saka hannun jari na aikin ya ƙaru da sama da kashi 20%.
Duk da cewa Hukumar Makamashi ta Ƙasa ta buƙaci dukkan yankuna su bi ƙa'idar "zaɓar ƙasa maimakon mafi girma" don fayyace iyaka da ƙa'idodi na tattara harajin amfani da filaye na birane da harajin mallakar filaye na gonaki. Duk da haka, a zahiri aiwatarwa, ikon gwamnatocin ƙananan hukumomi ba a iyakance shi ba.
A halin yanzu, larduna daban-daban suna da hanyoyi uku daban-daban na karɓar harajin ƙasa: bisa ga wuraren tushe na tudu, inuwar murabba'i, da kuma dukkan yankin wurin. Kudin harajin ƙasa ya bambanta sosai tsakanin waɗannan hanyoyi uku. "Daga cikin yankin tushe na tudu, yankin da aka yi hasashen murabba'i da yankin wurin, akwai alaƙar 1:10:50," in ji wani mai bincike a masana'antar.
Wani mai zuba jari a Lardin Henan ya shaida wa Photovoltaic a baya cewa aikin da aka fara aiki a shekarar 2018 an tabbatar da cewa yana da fadin murabba'in mita 100,000 bisa ga inuwar sassan da sauran yankuna, tare da adadin haraji na yuan 430,000. Duk da haka, a shekarar 2023, hukumomin haraji sun bukaci a biya cikakken yankin, tare da yankin haraji na murabba'in mita miliyan 1.738, wanda ya haifar da adadin haraji na sama da yuan miliyan 10.
Ya kamata a jaddada cewa, bisa ga bincike da bayanai daga jama'a, wasu yankuna a larduna da dama ciki har da Qinghai, Xinjiang, Hubei, Inner Mongolia, Yunnan, Shandong, Henan da Ningxia sun fara karɓar harajin ƙasa akan ayyukan photovoltaic. Ma'aunin tattarawa mafi sauƙi ya dogara ne akan yankin tsinkaye na tsaye na jerin, yayin da a wasu larduna, ya dogara ne akan dukkan yankin filin photovoltaic. Wasu yankuna suna cikin yanayin da ake kira da su biya haraji kuma har yanzu suna da damar yin shawarwari, yayin da a wasu yankuna, an riga an biya haraji.
A wannan fanni, masu zuba jari suna kuma kira ga hukumomin yankin da su yi la'akari da cikakken daidaitawar masana'antar a matakin farko na fitar da Takarda Mai Lamba 136, su dakatar da tattara haraji biyu kan filayen lantarki ko kuma su fayyace ka'idojin tattarawa da wuri-wuri, sannan su ba da isasshen sarari na lissafi, ta yadda masu zuba jari za su iya ci gaba da samun isasshen kwarin gwiwa kan zuba jari.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-23-2025